SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Shu Chien</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shu Chien</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="Qian_(surname)" title="Qian (surname)">Chien</a></i>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Shu Chien</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">錢煦</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1931-06-23</span>) </span>23 June 1931<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a><br>(<a href="B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>, <a href="M._D." class="mw-redirect" title="M. D.">MD</a>)<br><a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Fluid dynamics of <a href="Blood_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood flow">blood flow</a> <br> <a href="Stem_Cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem Cells">Stem Cells</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (2010) <br> <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (2006) <br> <a href="National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> (1997) <br><a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (1994) <br> <a href="Institute_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a> (1993)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Bioengineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioengineering">Bioengineering</a><br><a href="Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="University_of_California%2C_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Shu Chien</b> (<a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">錢煦</span></span>; <a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">钱煦</span></span>; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qián Xù</i></span>; born June 23, 1931) is a Taiwanese-American <a href="Physiology" title="Physiology">physiologist</a> and bioengineer. His work on the <a href="Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">fluid dynamics</a> of blood flow has had a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as <a href="Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>. Chien is currently President of the <a href="Biomedical_Engineering_Society" title="Biomedical Engineering Society">Biomedical Engineering Society</a>.

</p><p>Chien was elected a member of the <a href="National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 1997 for research in blood rheology, microcirculation, cell mechanics, atherogenesis, and tissue engineering. He is one of only 11 scholars who are members of all three U.S. national institutes: the <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a>, and the <a href="Institute_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div>

<p>Chien was born in Beijing and grew up in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chien_APS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chien's family are descendants of the royal family of the King <a href="Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a> of the <a href="Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Kingdom of Wuyue</a>. His grandfather Chien Hong-ye (錢鴻業) was a Chief Justice in the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">Supreme Court of the Republic of China</a> (in Shanghai). His father <a href="Chien_Shih-Liang" title="Chien Shih-Liang">Chien Shih-Liang</a>, a <a href="Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a>, was former President of <a href="Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a>. His elder brother <a href="Robert_Chien" title="Robert Chien">Robert Chien</a> (錢純) was former <a href="Ministry_of_Finance_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Finance (Taiwan)">Minister of Finance of Taiwan</a>, and former <a href="Secretary-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-general">Secretary-general</a> of <a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>. His young brother <a href="Fredrick_Chien" title="Fredrick Chien">Fredrick Chien</a> is also an influential politician in Taiwan. Shu Chien married Dr. Kuang-Chung Hu Chien in 1957.

</p><p>From 1947 to 1948, Chien completed his medical preparatory study at <a href="Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> Medical School. In 1949, Chien moved to Taiwan with his family. In 1953, Chien graduated from <a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a>. Chien went to study in the United States in 1954 and obtained his PhD in 1957 from <a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. Chien also received his <a href="Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> from the National Taiwan University.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>From 1969 to 1988, Chien was a Professor of Physiology and Biophysics at the Columbia University. Chien was a Founding Fellow of the <a href="American_Institute_for_Medical_and_Biological_Engineering" title="American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering">American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering</a> in 1992.

</p><p>Chien is current President (since 1991) of the Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering at the <a href="University_of_California%2C_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> (UCSD). Chien was the Chair of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://be.ucsd.edu/">Department of Bioengineering</a> of UCSD from 1994 to 1999 and from 2002 to 2005. He is also the founding director of the <a href="Institute_of_Engineering_in_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Engineering in Medicine">Institute of Engineering in Medicine</a> in July 2008. He was named as a recipient of the <a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> by President <a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on September 27, 2011, for "pioneering work in cardiovascular physiology and bioengineering".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967_Science_Papers">1967 Science Papers</h3></div>

<p>In 1967 Chien published three papers in <i>Science</i> that advanced the understanding of the physics behind the flow of <a href="Red_blood_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Red blood cells">red blood cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chien and his colleagues were able to explore the flow properties of red blood cells through various experiments involved with filtering red blood cells through plastic porous sieves. One key finding was that the flow of red blood cells does not follow <a href="Non-Newtonian_fluid" title="Non-Newtonian fluid">Newtonian behavior</a> and this characteristic is fundamental in aiding red blood cells to squeeze through capillaries.

</p><p>Chien and his colleagues further discovered the importance of the malleability of red blood cells to pass through tiny pores smaller than the cells' diameter. In other words, a healthy normal red blood cell is able to "squeeze" by deforming its shape and pass through small pores. In addition, this deformation helps lower the viscosity of blood and facilitate flow. Another important discovery that determines the viscosity of blood is the ability of red blood cells to aggregate to form <a href="Rouleaux" title="Rouleaux">rouleaux</a> (like stacks of coins) due to their disc like shape. Chien and his colleagues discovered that this was a crucial factor in modulating viscosity and regulating blood flow and elucidated the mechanical, electrical and biochemical basis of this process. These discoveries show that the shape of red blood cells is not accidental, but rather a highly "engineered design" meant for efficient transportation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_research">Recent research</h3></div>

<p>Chien has investigated the mechanisms by which mechanical forces such as pressure and flow regulate the behaviors of the cells in blood vessels, including the <a href="Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelial</a> cells lining the vessel <a href="Lumen_(anatomy)" title="Lumen (anatomy)">lumen</a> and the smooth muscle cells in the vessel interior and their interactions. His work has led to the understanding how forces with a clear direction (as seen in the straight parts of the vascular tree) can protect the vessels from atherosclerosis and how forces without a clear direction (as seen in the branch points) make the vessels vulnerable to atherosclerosis. More recently, he has developed novel approaches to assess the optimum <a href="Microenvironment_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Microenvironment (biology)">microenvironment</a> for the growth and differentiation of stem cells.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li>Current, President of the <a href="BMES" class="mw-redirect" title="BMES">Biomedical Engineering Society</a></li>

<li>2008–2009, President of the Internal Society of <a href="Biorheology" title="Biorheology">Biorheology</a></li>

<li>2006–2008, President-Elect of the BMES Publications Board of Directors</li>

<li>2001–2002, President of the <a href="American_Institute_for_Medical_and_Biological_Engineering" title="American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering">American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering</a> (AIMBE)</li>

<li>1992–1993, President of the <a href="Federation_of_American_Societies_for_Experimental_Biology" title="Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology">Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology</a></li>

<li>1990–1991, President of the <a href="American_Physiological_Society" title="American Physiological Society">American Physiological Society</a> (APS).<sup id="cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chien_APS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chien is the 63rd President and the first Asian American President of APS.<sup id="cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chien_APS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1980–1981, President, The Microcirculatory Society</li>

<li>Chairman of the steering committee of the North American Society of Biorheology</li>

<li>President of the American Society of <a href="Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese Medicine</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2></div>

<ul><li>2016 – Benjamin Franklin Medal in Mechanical Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>2012 – Columbia University Honorary Degree</li>

<li>2011 – National Medal Of Science, The White House</li>

<li>2006 – Founders' Award, National Academy of Sciences</li>

<li>2006 – Foreign Member, <a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a></li>

<li>2006 – Fellow, <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li>

<li>2005 – Member, <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></li>

<li>2004 – Pierre Galletti Award, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering</li>

<li>1999 – National Health Medal, Department of Health, ROC</li>

<li>1998 – Lifetime Achievement Award, Chinese-American Engineers & Scientists Association of Southern California</li>

<li>1997 – Member, <a href="National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a></li>

<li>1996 – Melville Medal ASME</li>

<li>1994 – Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences</li>

<li>1992 – Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Eng.</li>

<li>1991 – Zweifach Award, Fifth World Congress for Microcirculation</li>

<li>1990 – Melville Medal ASME</li>

<li>1983 – Landis Award, Microcirculatory Society</li>

<li>1981 – The First Fahraeus Medal in Clinical Haemorheology</li>

<li>1980 – Nanci Medal for Research in Blood Rheology</li>

<li>1976 – Academician, <a href="Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressreleases/2011_09bioengineering_professor_shu_chien_national_medal_of_science/">"White House Awards UC San Diego Bioengineering Professor Shu Chien National Medal of Science"</a>. <i>ucsdnews.ucsd.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Chien_APS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chien_APS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-aps.org/mm/Membership/Living-History/Chien">"Shu Chien"</a>. <i>Living History of Physiology</i>. American Physiological Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Academia Sinica (Taiwan) Academician Profile: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db1n.sinica.edu.tw/textdb/ioconas/02.php?func=22&_op=?ID:L015">生命科學組錢煦 (The Division of Life Sciences – Shu Chien)</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee Kuan Yew <i>Distinguished Visitor</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bes.org.sg/news/Shu%20Chien.pdf">Shu Chien</a> (Nov 25, 2008, Singapore)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/27/president-obama-honors-nation-s-top-scientists-and-innovators">"President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators"</a>. <i><a href="Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2011</span> – via <a href="NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGregersenBryantHammerleUsami1967" class="citation journal cs1">Gregersen, Magnus I.; Bryant, Cyrus A.; Hammerle, Walter E.; Usami, Shunichi; Chien, Shu (August 18, 1967). "Flow Characteristics of Human Erythrocytes through Polycarbonate Sieves". <i>Science</i>. <b>157</b> (3790): <span class="nowrap">825–</span>827. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Sci...157..825G">1967Sci...157..825G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.157.3790.825">10.1126/science.157.3790.825</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17842792">17842792</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25808941">25808941</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChienUsamiDellenbackGregersen1967" class="citation journal cs1">Chien, Shu; Usami, Shunichi; Dellenback, Robert J.; Gregersen, Magnus I. (August 18, 1967). "Blood Viscosity: Influence of Erythrocyte Deformation". <i>Science</i>. <b>157</b> (3790): <span class="nowrap">827–</span>829. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Sci...157..827C">1967Sci...157..827C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.157.3790.827">10.1126/science.157.3790.827</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17842793">17842793</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46626492">46626492</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/franklin-institute-awards">"The 2016 Franklin Institute Awards Laureates"</a>. <i>The Franklin Institute</i>. February 3, 2014.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>American Society for Medical and Biological Engineering: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aimbe.org/content/index.php?pid=93">Shu Chien, M.D., PhD</a>, Biography courtesy of UCSD</li>

<li>UCSD Medical Center Moores Cancer Center: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cancer.ucsd.edu/summaries/shuchien.asp">CV of Shu Chien</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.me.cmu.edu/default.aspx?id=seminar_fall_1">Shu Chien's presentation @ Carnegie Mellon Mechanical Engineering</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRYRP9pbOqc">Video of Shu Chien talking about his work</a>, from the National Science & Technology Medals Foundation</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Larry_Bartels" title="Larry Bartels">Larry Bartels</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd>

<dd><a href="B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd>

<dd><a href="David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd>

<dd><a href="G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd>

<dd><a href="David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bert_W._O'Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd>

<dd><a href="May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Gebisa_Ejeta" title="Gebisa Ejeta">Gebisa Ejeta</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eve_Marder" title="Eve Marder">Eve Marder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gregory_Petsko" title="Gregory Petsko">Gregory Petsko</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sheldon_Weinbaum" title="Sheldon Weinbaum">Sheldon Weinbaum</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Angela_Belcher" title="Angela Belcher">Angela Belcher</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Helen_Blau" title="Helen Blau">Helen Blau</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Emery_N._Brown" title="Emery N. Brown">Emery N. Brown</a></dd>

<dd><a href="G._David_Tilman" title="G. David Tilman">G. David Tilman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Teresa_Woodruff" title="Teresa Woodruff">Teresa Woodruff</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd>

<dd><a href="M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd>

<dd><a href="A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_Lawrence_Edwards" title="Richard Lawrence Edwards">R. Lawrence Edwards</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd>

<dd><a href="J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd>

<dd><a href="H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd>

<dd><a href="H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Dabiri" title="John Dabiri">John Dabiri</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd>

<dd><a href="S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cynthia_Dwork" title="Cynthia Dwork">Cynthia Dwork</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd>

<dd><a href="E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd>

<dd><a href="H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd>

<dd><a href="George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd>

<dd><a href="G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl>

<dd><a href="Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Richard_Alley" title="Richard Alley">Richard Alley</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wendy_Freedman" title="Wendy Freedman">Wendy Freedman</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Keivan_Stassun" title="Keivan Stassun">Keivan Stassun</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2436" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2436" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117663386">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000444580369">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61678962">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/171692">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhJHbpQWYv8Gcgwh78md">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1089652488">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85276404">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129666350">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb129666350">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36640959">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=stk2008461260&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072505389">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/45822">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007453336805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14761564">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01632065?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-285X">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24494646000">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:chien.shu">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/51/8323">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/849174">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/057048118">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/cbf39b6d-2808-4759-afb4-66c245168014">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Shu_Chien&oldid=1286493608">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>